Advances in the science and technology of ground support have provided a greater understanding of how the various ground support elements function individually, and as an interlinked system, to control rock mass damage and failure. The development of new reinforcement and surface support elements and the advent of sophisticated equipment have all contributed to making the installation of ground support a much safer activity in mechanised mines, and to safer mines, in general. Meanwhile, the cost pressures from mining generally lower grade ores at greater depths in addition to rising material, labour and equipment costs are pushing for higher ore extraction rates. This in turn requires larger mining equipment which needs larger excavations and increases development costs (higher capex) in return for greater mining efficiency (lower or stable opex). Higher extraction rates also represent an increase in the rate of change in stress conditions per unit of time that generally require enhanced control measures. This paper presents an overview of technological and scientific advancements witnessed over the last 40 years, highlighting the safety and productivity benefits observed during this period. Successful applications of ground support under a broad range of conditions in underground mines and open pits serve to illustrate some of the advancements realised through the collaborations between industry, academia, service providers, equipment manufacturers and suppliers of ground support elements. Future developments and optimisation efforts are expected to focus on the interaction between the ground support system and the rock mass, increased automation and robotisation of at least some parts of the mining cycle to continue to mine safely and productively under increasingly challenging conditions.